the name of Allah the Merciful
Il primo passo nella trascrizione del Testo del Sublime Corano ( al-Qur'ān al-Karīm ) avvenne durante la vita del Profeta Muhammad ( may Allah bless him and grant him peace ), who commissioned a group of his companions to write from time to time disclose that to him. They were called "scribes of the Revelation . According to authentic sources "of Revelation scribes" were twenty-five, the most famous among them being the four rightly guided caliphs: Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab,' Uthman ibn 'Affan,' Ali ibn Abi Talib, [and also] Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Zayd Tabitha and others - that God be pleased with them all .
At the time of the Caliphate of Abu Bakr, the battle took place in Al-Yamamah, which fell killed many of those who knew the whole Quran by heart. In fear of losing others like them during the war campaigns for the defense of Islam, on the advice of 'Umar ibn Al-Khattab was collected throughout the text and officially bound under the administration of the Caliphate, which had indicated that the methodology to be followed and assigned the task to the most competent.
For this particular task was chosen Zayd ibn Tabitha, the best known of "the scribes of the Revelation "Who also excelled in calligraphy. The methodical plan of Zayd ibn Tabitha was based on two sources: first of all that he had transcribed him personally and in the presence of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم ), and secondly what was memorized by other people. This was not, however, received only by the testimony of two other well-known people, who were reported identically the same part of revelation. The fruit of this painstaking effort, accurate and above all occurred even in the smallest details, was the first copy officially certified the Koran, recognized for each verse and circumstance highly reliable by several witnesses.
This copy remained in the possession of Abu Bakr until his death, then went to 'Umar until his martyrdom, and was finally delivered to the Mother of the Believers Hafsa (one of the wives of the Prophet), may God be pleased with them.
The hardcover publication of the text of the Qur'an during the caliphate of 'Uthman
time Third Caliphate, that of 'Uthman, he introduced himself to him Hudhaifa ibn Al-Yaman with a group of people of Iraq, after the conquest of Armenia. They expressed strong concern because of reading errors that were spreading among the people and the changes in correct pronunciation, which could hinder a proper understanding of the Qur'anic text. That is said to 'Uthman, "O Prince of the believers ! Succor this community, before it falls into contradictions as to the authenticity of the Book, such as those that tear Jews and Christians! .
The rightly guided caliphs immediately welcomed this invitation, sending a request to Hafsa to send him a copy of the written by her to write more secure copies, collate, and disseminate it. So 'Uthman ordered Zayd ibn at Tabitha,' Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Zayd ibn Al-'As and 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith ibn Isham to produce certified copies to the original text. Finally, copies were sent in different regions of the Caliphate, while the other writings collected in rolls or scrolls were burned.
Among the benefits achieved with the binding of the Caliph 'Uthman, we noted that the transcript was based sull'idioma Quraysh , because the revelation came through their language, also were separated from the text all interpretative notes or explanatory the companions of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم ) added to their personal copies, to keep clear the plain text of the Koran, and finally, these bound copies of the Qur'anic text was transcribed without diacritics or vocalizations, thus leaving room for the recitation of the Quran according to the seven reading methods dating back to the prophetic tradition, and the while keeping intact the original text of the Koran.
In fulfillment of the work, 'Uthman sent a copy to every major region in the capital territory during his Islamic Caliphate. These bound copies of the Qur'an are known as "al-Imam Mushaf .
Adapted from a note by Mustafa A. Rifa'i
Islamic Cultural Institute in Milan
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